Manual+Training+Movement++1879

Manual Training - Historical Pictures 1879 Manual Training Movement

· The Manual Training movement was the forerunner to the vocational training programs in our schools today. First used in the United States in the 1870’s in the training of engineers, the movement spread rapidly to general public education. · Manual training emphasized the intellectual and social development associated with the practical training of the hand and the eye.  · Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi (1746-1827) a Swiss educator who is considered the "father of manual training  ﻿    · John O. Runkle, president of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and professor of mathematics and Calvin M. Woodward, dean of the Polytechnic faculty at Washington University in St. Louis." proponent of using this Russian system of manual training in teaching technical skills in general education as well as in engineering.  1890 Manual Arts  o Grew out of manual training movement  o Influenced primarily by the Swedish Sloyd System (rather than Russian manual training)  o Industrial Arts and Vocational Education both evolved from this movement <span style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 63pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 63.0pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"> o <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Industrial Arts: Charles R. Richards, director of the Manual Training Department at the University of Missouri, first used the term "Industrial Arts" in 1904. This term was used to describe education that was part of the general education program. <span style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 63pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 63.0pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt 63pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 63.0pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"> o <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Vocational Education: This term arose as a result of the Douglas Commission in 1905. This term is used to designate trade education that is separate from the general education curriculum. <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 22pt;">